Often see friends asking to buy lithium batteries are to see how much voltage (V), or the number of discharge (C)?

Regarding the voltage and discharge capacity (which can be understood as the discharge capacity of the battery, the more C's highest output current of the battery), there is too much battery capacity I will not explain. I can only talk about how in the end kind of Laptop battery to buy the most profitable.

A lithium battery generally three indicators:

1. Voltage, in general, we use the most is 11.1V, of course, there are 7.4 V, but few people use.

2. Who is the subject of both battery HA (mA), we often 1500MHA, 1800MHA, 2000MHA etc.

3. Discharge parameters is the battery on the number of C, C indicates that the number of the larger piece of the battery can perform most of the current. In fact, C is the number of Dell Inspiron 5100 battery current, an expression such as a battery 2000MHA 10C, then the current maximum is 2000x10 = 20000 mA, which is 20A. If 2000MHA 20C battery, it is then the maximum discharge current is 2000X20 = 40000 mA, which is 40A.

If we compare to a bucket of the battery and the voltage (V) can be interpreted as a bucket placed on the height, if the bucket to the higher, the power of water erosion, while the ability to on behalf of the bucket may be how to load the water, of course, the higher the capacity of the packed, then use the most, all that well understood. Discharge is the root of this network, it picks up more crude oil to turn the water pipe, water pipes coarser (C slightly larger) on the release of water at the same time, more time and more in the unit can power the most.

To see some friends here, says he will think so, and you said for a long time is that the more the better buy these indicators well.

Oh, is not everything. Standard Lithium-Ion hp PB995A battery is now empty of serious side, even if you purchased a large number of outside power lithium-C, it is certainly good?

Generally speaking, the more C, plus the battery capacity of more expensive, higher capacity battery, the higher the volume, sometimes affect our use, for example does not fit into the M4, G36, MP5 care Muli these dogs, if you want to increase the battery discharge current can improve the parameters of discharge (C) l '. But the example you buy a piece of 11.1V 4000MHA 30C Lithium is not the rate of fire can do better than 11.1V 2000MHA 15C load faster? Not necessarily! Because the battery does not gear driven gear-driven engine is! While the motor voltage and current have a certain limit, so it is easy to burn the engines too, the original engine and high-speed motors in the same dogs, with a performance of the VGP-BPS2B battery case is completely different is the original engine at high speed and engine power, it is different, high-power engine speed much higher than the original engine, so the high-speed motor replaced after the battery faster and easier to heat reasons. Therefore, for a high-speed motors need replaced after a high-performance batteries, to ensure that the use of more time.

Original car is not normally need to buy more than the current production of over 20A battery, it will be very easy to burn motor, while the high-speed motors will have to motor performance, according to buy batteries on the one hand, play the largest engine performance, but not the motor burn out. In general, high-coil motor speed motors, high torque and the engine must be original hard, they are able to withstand higher current, this time the number of C may be larger, high-Twist Motor Coils slightly smaller, so C is preferable not be too many.

Currently, several friends have purchased a high torque motor, the firing rate is not high, we use high-current battery to red, then in May believe the rate will rise, but after all belongs to overclocking, use a long period will certainly be damaged engine. Therefore, when the main battery to buy depends on your engine's performance and quality. In order not to receive the battery power is too small engines do not play the best performance or power output of the BATCL50L battery is too high and burnt the motor tragedy.

This year, the German Government to allow important fiscal aid as solar cells, not alone made a coevals by richest man inch chinaware, just also created a Chinese solar cell and polycrystalline silicon wafers as several age myth farm animal; nowadays, the Chinese authorities for new energy vehicles to provide enormous fiscal subsidies, anticipated to make the fresh Energy and Laptop battery plates for motor vehicles and myth.

"The solar cells and polycrystalline silicon" demand primarily imposed from outside, public support inside China is not significant. The "new energy vehicles and battery": mainly domestic demand, domestic support in China for the government to use administrative means great.

China analyst with the automotive industry investment adviser Lee Sheng-mao noted that the electric current deaf a people assort auto from freshly DOE engineering science alter wide. Brasil to acquire fresh automotive technologies, inexhaustible Department of Energy. Whenever the America, Common Market, Japanese Archipelago and other traditional consumers of the apple A1022 battery area briny fomite to arise a applied science arrant electric automobile vehicle, the technology of cross electric automobile fomite technologies and fire cadre fomite, three cases by electric automobile vehicle applied science. As the being of natural resources, bioengineering, Department of Energy restraints, the electric current auto technologies admit fresh Department of Energy, chiefly inch the applied science of electric automobile vehicles established.

Technology electric vehicle motors can be divided into an arrant electric fomite (EV), hybrid electric automobile fomite (HEV) technology and fuel cell vehicle (FCEV) three technical civilises. An technology as commercial message output of pure galvanic fomites and cross electric automobile vehicles. The current cross cable car use nickel-hydride applied science assault and Dell Inspiron B130 battery major metals, altho the energy concentration from atomic number 3 assault and battery with big capacity, no computer memory, and so forth., are the carmakers and battery makers recognized aside completely different .

Even so, the eminent cost by lithium has been handicapped in vehicles with new Department of Energy on the scale of trade barriers, merely freshly ranked F3DM vehicle BYD dual-mode power, it is lithium branding iron phosphate used in the computer programme provides an ideal solution for Road. BYD F3DM success means that the issue of congestion cost constraints in the development of lithium-powered batteries should be resolved. Currently divided into cobalt oxide, atomic number 3, lithium manganese oxide and lithium atomic number 26 phosphate, lithium, the first two because of deficiency of security, are by and large used for small barrages, electrical vehicle application inorganic phosphate BYD Lithium branding iron, or program.

Not all product companies are capable of bringing about Li big businessman barrage fire car, the living listed callers to produce a arrange of Li batteries, but only the output of self-propelled lithium-powered assault and hp 371785-001 battery listed callers canful welfare from new energy vehicles. In the industriousness chain of Li to ascertain: Primary imaginations Li (lithium carbonate) → cathode materials for anode materials fracture + + + → Li-ion battery electrolyte. Persons related to this industry chain of mountains in heeled callers to benefit from freshly Energy Department vehicles.

Vehicle fuel cell, according to the expert senior Chinese functionaries in the arena of skill and engineering Minister pale Gang, new energy development objectives of vehicles: in 2012, China had 10% of yield Cars are energy deliverance and new sony VGP-BPS2A battery get-up-and-go vehicles, according to an one-year production from autos will constitute gondolas 1000 10000 Earl, Modern energy vehicles inwards China to reach an yearbook production of 1 million scale. Li Sheng-mao said the investment adviser, each new type of electric vehicle would require about 0.08 tonnes of lithium carbonate, lithium barrages, once the engine all-encompassing application from Energy Department vehicles news program, the market expected of Lithane leave be very great, comprises awaited inwards 2012, entirely vehicles with Modern Department of Energy demand of Eskalith each year bequeath ambit 5 million tons.

U.S. Abound Solar (original AVA Solar) companies, rely on low cost thin film Laptop batteries began in Longmont, Colorado, voted to strengthen its facilities first full production service.

The plant uses a special manufacturing process, significantly reduces the cost of producing solar panels. Colorado Gov. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., EUROSOLAR attended by Hermann Scheer, president of the soil of the new company guard ceremony and delivered a speech.

Abundant solar automatic continuous production line

Line of fully automated production will create over 300 new 40Y6797 jobs, generate 200 MW of solar modules per year capacity. Its manufacturing process used Abound Solar own online streaming devices made of semi-automatic glass solar panels, the whole process less than two hours. As a global leader in the "next generation" of solar panel manufacturer, abundant solar simplified production processes panel thin film solar manufacturing equipment, the rapid expansion of production capacity to make the cost of electricity Solar will continue to decline.

"Today, new production facilities have started right Abound is a landmark. We have entered into commercial production, thus expanding the market at the same time, we are able to meet customer demand, we are now positioned to provide customers with high - performance, low-cost solar modules that can accelerate the use of clean energy in the world. "Abound Solar CEO Pascal Noronha said.

"Congratulations Abound Solar - 1, Colorado, how to make renewable energy technologies from lab to market a true success, as we have seen, as a local renewable energy has continued to expand business and create employment opportunities. We see that the hp Pavilion dv6 battery new energy economy is leading the development of Colorado, Colorado will help the early resumption and strong. "Colorado Gov. Ritter.

"Abundant solar prove we have the ability to cost-effectiveness in the United States come here to meet our energy needs while protecting our environment." Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. Said.

With the thin film Dell Latitude D510 battery in the first giant solar as, abundant solar components using the latest cadmium telluride (CdTe) technology. Abound Solar was founded in 2007 to commercialize its proprietary thin film PV module manufacturing process. Colorado State University for 15 years of development, and received the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) for their support in this database abound Solar has developed a scale with a process of continuous automatic process to create solar modules and achieve the industry, the cost of leading to significantly reduced rates of solar electricity.

Most laptop batteries are all types of circuit protection vehicle, when the temperature of the laptop battery is too high or when the discharge current is too high, probably because beyond the standards of protection Circuit laptop battery action and causing problems force automatic power laptop battery.

The most common situation is that the use of battery of the laptop runs at full speed when the current is too large to lead to automatic protection. For example, from the reader grasp the content of DVD discs in the mobile hard disk when a large number of host and device power consumption, is likely to make current standards of protection beyond battery, in this case, do not panic, as the disconnect devices to wait about 10 minutes, you can restart.

There is also a common situation is that the laptops in a hot environment, high-load operation using the Dell HD438 battery, so that the ambient temperature plus the heat generated by the car battery circuit battery discharge protection in May exceed the set temperature, which is particularly high frequency P4 machines in the high temperature environment may occur after high-speed operation. Encountered such a situation should remove the batteries placed in a cool (remember not to put the refrigerator frozen!) After half an hour should be back to normal. High temperature damage of lithium is relatively large, less than a last resort and should be avoided in the high temperature environment, the use of laptop computers up-charge. IBM in 2001 after laptops Chupin, power management software battery MaxMiser can view the battery temperature and discharge current, but not all brand-name products have this powerful.

To maintain the condition of the BIOS, many laptops have the option to calibrate the sony VGP-BPS5 battery , simply speaking, this function will be the laptop's battery is full and complete discharge with no electricity, then re-filled, so long did not totally reject the accumulated error caused by the role of some correction. However, please note the corrected BIOS spent a long time, if you do this, preferably before bedtime.

Many models also have Windows, discharge functions. This can save time while working, will be corrected. To calibrate the laptop battery should not be too frequent, often the depth of discharge is to bring the laptop battery life shortened, it is recommended two to three months to do it once.

Lithium-ion battery fully charged, after the need to save. In more than six months can be stored at 20 ℃, showing that lithium-ion battery suitable for preservation at low temperature. It has been suggested that the rechargeable battery placed in the refrigerator, the preservation of the Interior, is indeed a good idea. Existence of a lithium-ion car battery power-rejection phenomenon, the prolonged preservation lead to depletion of the battery and destruction of the internal structure of the battery, reducing battery life. Therefore, long-term conservation of the lithium-ion battery should be every 3 to 6 months up to do after that is charged with a voltage of 3.8 ~ 3.9 V (Li-voltage the ion 3.85V battery kept the best SO) is appropriate.

The use of lithium-ion battery, pay attention to three points:

1. How to charge the new battery?

The use of lithium-ion battery should be noted that a period of time after the battery is placed into hibernation, lower than normal capacity at this time, the use of time has also come to shorten. However, lithium-ion is easily activated, as after 3-5 times the normal charge-discharge cycles the battery can be activated to restore normal capacity. As the characteristics of lithium, its decision is almost no memory effect. The lithium battery so that the new user during the activation process does not require methods and special equipment. Not only is the theory that, from a practical standpoint, from the start on using the standard method of charging that "activation" is the best approach.

For lithium-ion battery is "activation" issue, many say, is the cooldown should be longer than 12 hours, three times in order to activate the battery. This "The first three load over 12 hours to charge" was obviously the nickel battery (such as nickel-cadmium and nickel metal hydride) inherited from the argument. Therefore, this argument can be said that the beginning a miscommunication. Lithium battery-power ion and nickel battery charge and discharge characteristics are very different, all the official languages of serious emphasized that technical information and charge-off drains batteries Lithium, in particular liquid lithium-ion battery causing great damage. According to the standard load and therefore the best time and the standard method of pricing, in particular, do not make more than 12 hours of super-long charge. In Furthermore, the lithium-ion battery or the charger automatically stops when the battery is fully charged, there is no electricity nickel charger for 10 hours the so-called "trickle" charge. In d ' other words, if your lithium-ion batteries power in their entirety on the white horse is also sufficient. But we can not guarantee that the battery and the circuit characteristics of discharge protection and will never change and quality of safety device, so the battery will be a long time at the edge of danger. This is another reason to oppose the charge long.

On some machines, charging more for some time, if they do not remove the charger, this time not only to stop charging system will start to discharge - charge cycle. Perhaps the makers of this approach have its own purpose, it is clear that in terms of battery life is a drawback. At the same time, charging time would take some time, often at night, and where the grid at night in many places, over voltage, but also volatile. As already said, the lithium-ion BN-VF714U battery is very valuable, and more than nickel in the electric charge and discharge aspects of fluctuations in the resistance is much less, if this brings additional risk.

In addition, another aspect can not be overlooked is the lithium-ion battery is not appropriate for excessive discharge, excessive discharge of the battery is also very unfavorable. This leads to the following questions.

2. When to start charging in normal use?

As the number of charging and discharging is limited, must be used as possible, recharge the electric battery. However, on the lithium-battery ion cycle data table discharge test is as follows:

Cycle (lifetime 10% DOD) :> 1000 times

Cycle (lifetime 100% DOD) :> 200 times DOD is the depth of discharge whose English acronym. Can be seen from the table in May of depth charge and discharge times, 10% DOD cycle life when the DOD of 100% for much longer. Of course, if the equivalent of actual costs to the total capacity on 10% * 1000 = 100100 * 200% = 200, one full charge and discharge, or better than some, in normal circumstances, you should be provided in accordance with the principle remaining SB-LSM80 battery with sufficient capacity, then run out of charge, but if the first two days, can not be expected to persist throughout the day, when they should commit on the one-time charge, of course, if you're willing to carry a charger at the office is another question.

The need to charge in order to cope with future communications provided Occupied lead to an important event, even if a lot of battery power over time, and then just go forward, because that there is no real loss "1" sub-charge cycle life, which is "0.x" times only, and that x is often very low.

Short on battery and then filling the rest of this principle is not extreme. And long as charging a widespread view that "as far as possible from the machine run out of battery, it is preferable to use automatic shutdown." It's really just practice for nickel, the goal is to avoid the memory effect occurs, unfortunately, it also spreads on the lithium-ion battery that. It was because the machine is too low battery warning appears; still does not charge to continue using the example has been used in automatic shutdown. The results of this case, the machine later in the pricing and first there was no response, had to review services to clients. In fact, c It is because of the power

Pool due to excessive tension electrical discharges cause is too low, so we do not have the normal rate and the boot and conditions.

3. The correct way for lithium batteries

To sum up, on the lithium-ion battery in use charging and discharging, the most important tips are:

(1), in accordance with the standards and procedures, charging time, even the first three have to do (2) when there is low power consumption machine when prompted, he should try to start loading soon (3) lithium batteries do not need to activate the particular mode in the machine in lithium batteries normal use is naturally activated. If you insist on spreading the use of "three previous 2-hour long activation charge" approach, in fact, there will be no effect.

Therefore, all 12 hours long pursuit of the charge and the lithium-ion battery used in the practice of automatic shutdown, are wrong.

In addition to mileage limits, current electric cars’ another big problem is the cost of vehicle problems. Mitsubishi has announced that its iMiEV small electric cars from around 47,000 U.S. dollars, while Tesla Model S starts at $ 57,000 (the price is not less government subsidies) and later there may be other vehicles electric prices higher. To reduce the price of electric vehicles, car manufacturers now consider the reduction of the selling price of electric vehicles in a way to let the battery using leased to consumers. This approach has several potential benefits. First of all vehicles in this way will be a sharp drop in prices, consumers can choose according to the use of the battery 3 to 5 years, a shorter lease, so that years later the battery replacement nine, so you can avoid the problem of battery life.

As the price of electricity is much lower than gasoline and diesel fuel, so if the EN-EL12 battery and the rental cost of electricity can be used with fuel costs are enough, then the consumer can take in consider further the use of electric vehicles. This is Nissan CEO Carlos ghosena this week told a French French media expressed at the time. According ghosena say their plan is the future of electric vehicle batteries used leaf rented leased to consumers, in addition to the price of the vehicle itself 25-30,000 U.S. dollars, consumers must pay U.S. $ 147 per month rental costs of the battery. Still seems quite expensive, but has slowly begun to reduce prices.

Don't care about lithium supplies demanded to make the batteries for all those hybrids and electric vehicles on the way. There are dozens of the stuff--at least for the next decade. On the far side that, though, opinions differ.

The supply of lithium has been a topic of debate since automakers beginning adjust their sights on lithium ion batteries. Those batteries are seen as the key to making a practical electric car because they are lighter and more powerful than the nickel-metal hydride batteries used in today's hybrids.

They're still costly. And because the lithium ion batteries remain an emerging technology, questions linger about their life span, durability, and safety. But for now, lithium ion batteries remain the most likely energy source for electric vehicles.

Locating lithium

Locating lithium

Shares of global lithium supply by country

Source: Meridian International Research, 2005 levels

Watching supply, price

General Motors Co., Toyota Motor Corp., Mitsubishi Motors Corp., Nissan Motor Co. and Daimler AG are among the automakers that plan to launch electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles by 2011. All plan to use lithium ion batteries. All, therefore, closely monitor the supply and price of lithium.

As demand for lithium ion batteries for laptops, cell phones, and now vehicles soared, prices of lithium carbonate, a raw material used to produce lithium, raised to $5,500 a ton in 2008 from $2,000 in 2004, says Roskill Information Services, a metals and minerals research consulting firm. The jump came despite rising global output.

As prices climbed, analysts began studying the outlook for lithium. The question: Much as today's drivers are hostage to scarce, increasingly costly oil, will tomorrow's drivers be reliant on scarce, increasingly costly lithium?

Some of those studies, along with executives at battery companies, say worries about scarcity are overblown. They say the world has plenty of lithium to power electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles, in addition to consumer electronics.

Gerson Lehrman Group, a New York consulting firm, estimates that even if 500,000 cars powered by lithium ion batteries were produced in 2015, they would use less than 10 percent of last year's global lithium output.

The calculation was based on a report that Nissan's upcoming Leaf electric vehicle uses about 8.8 pounds of lithium in its battery pack. At the 2008 price cited above, the small amount of lithium needed for each car would come to $24--just a fraction of the total cost of an electric vehicle's NB-1LH battery, which can run as high as $10,000.

Gerson Lehrman says: "Oversupply might be a more pressing question than lithium availability."

"Abundant"

Chris Richter, an auto analyst with CLSA Asia-Pacific Markets in Tokyo, puts it another way. "Lithium is one of the more abundant elements in the Earth's crust," he says. "Of all the various problems with this technology, running out of lithium is not one of them."

Neil Maguire, vice president of business development at Imara Corp., a lithium ion NB-2LH battery startup in Menlo Park, Calif., says supply is sufficient to meet near-term demand. Beyond that, if the volume of electric vehicles soars so much that lithium supplies become an issue, older lithium ion batteries can be recycled for the raw materials in them, he says.

"We don't worry about lithium availability," Maguire says.

Mining companies are racing to boost lithium output and find new sources.

Global lithium production reached 22,800 tons in 2008, up from 13,000 tons in 2000, according to Roskill Information Services.

Adding capacity in China or tapping lithium reserves in new countries could add 10,000 tons of output by the early 2010s, Gerson Lehrman forecasts.

Trouble with lithium

But a 2008 report titled "The Trouble with Lithium 2," by Meridian International Research, a renewable-energy think tank in France, concluded that the world faces a shortage when vehicle demand is added to considerable consumer electronics demand.

"Realistic lithium production increases have no prospect of also meeting the demands of the entire product and propulsion revolution in the global automotive industry in the next decade," the report said.

Estimates of global reserves vary. Meridian puts it at 4 million tons, far below the 20 million tons cited by some sources. The trick is finding deposits of high-quality lithium that are economically viable to extract.

Car batteries require about 100 times the amount of lithium used in a laptop computer battery, putting a strain on global deposits, says William Tahil, author of the Meridian report.

He concedes that increased lithium production can keep pace with electric-vehicle production in the low millions of units a year. But looking further into the future, Tahil says, there is not enough for a wholesale conversion of the entire world's auto industry from internal-combustion engines to battery-powered electric motors.

"There's enough for a niche market," Tahil says, "but nothing close to enough for the mass market."